Which of the following is/are the reason(s) for the tilt towards Universal Basic Income (UBI)? 1. Growing and vast inequality. 2. Threat of automation affecting jobs and creating joblessness. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

The Economic Survey of 2016-17 had first flagged the Universal Basic Income (UBI) as "a conceptually appealing idea" and a possible alternative to social welfare programmes targeted at reducing poverty.

UBI

UBI is a fixed income every adult - rich or poor, working or idle - receives from the government. The idea is that a society, as a first priority, should look out for its people's survival; the lesson is that possibly it can do so without unequal redistributive plans.

According to the Basic Income Earth Network (BIEN), a global network of academics, students and social policy practitioners, promoting and serving as a repository of published research on UBI, "A basic income is a periodic cash payment unconditionally delivered to all on an individual basis, without means-test or work requirement."

Need for UBI

The idea of UBI is not new, but in the past few years, it has resurfaced globally in a very big way as a means of redistributing income. Several experiments/pilots are being currently run across the world, but not yet adopted by any country as such.

The primary reasons for the tilt towards UBI are two:

• Growing and vast inequality; and
• Threat of automation affecting jobs and creating joblessness