Researchers were able to use stem cells to gauge the neurotoxic effects of the environmental pollutant Bisphenol A (BPA). They used a combination of biochemical and cell-based assays to examines the gene expression profile during the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells upon treatment with BPA, a compound known to cause heart diseases, diabetes, and developmental abnormalities in humans. They were able to detect and measure BPA toxicity towards the proper specification of primary germ layers, such as endoderm and ectoderm, and the establishment of neural progenitor cells. On the basis of the passage given above, the following assumptions have been made: 1. BPA may alter embryonic development in vivo. 2. Biochemical and cell-based assays are useful in finding out treatments for pollution-induced diseases. 3. Embryonic stem cells could serve as a model to evaluate the physiological effects of environmental pollutants. Which of the above assumptions are valid?
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
Statement 1 is correct: It can be inferred from the passage that Bisphenol A (BPA) may alter embryonic development, as indicated by the effects observed in mouse embryonic stem cells upon treatment with BPA. Statement 2 is incorrect: While biochemical and cell-based assays are discussed in the passage, there is no explicit mention that they are useful in finding treatments for pollution-induced diseases. This statement goes beyond what is stated in the passage. Statement 3 is correct: The passage suggests that embryonic stem cells could serve as a model to evaluate the physiological effects of environmental pollutants. This is supported by the discussion on using stem cells to study the impact of BPA exposure. Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.
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