Consider the following statements regarding the Indian Universities Act, 1904: 1. The conditions were made liberal for the affiliation of the private colleges, so that education can be percolated downwards. 2. It was based on the recommendations of the Hartog Committee, constituted in 1902. 3. The nationalists saw in it, the first true attempt to strengthen grass-root education. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• In 1902, Raleigh Commission was set up to go into the conditions of the universities in India, and to suggest measures for improvement in their constitution and working. • The Commission precluded from reporting on primary or secondary education. • Based on its recommendations, the Indian Universities Act was passed in 1904. • As per the Act (i) The universities were to give more attention to study and research; (ii) The number of fellows of a university and their period in office was reduced and most fellows were to be nominated by the government; (iii) The government was to have powers to veto universities' senate regulations and could amend these regulations or pass regulations on its own; (iv) The conditions were to be made stricter for the affiliation of private colleges; and (iv) Five lakh rupees were to be sanctioned per annum for five years for improvement of higher education and universities. • Curzon justified greater control over the universities in the name of quality and efficiency, but actually sought to restrict education and to discipline the educated towards loyalty to the government. • The nationalists saw in it, an attempt to strengthen imperialism and to sabotage nationalist feelings. • Gokhale called it a ‘retrograde measure’.