Consider the following statements about landforms formed by groundwater: 1. Such landforms are formed when rocks are porous. 2. Mechanical removal of material plays a key role in the formation of such landforms. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

The surface water percolates well when the rocks are permeable, thinly bedded, and highly jointed and cracked. After vertically going down to some depth, the water under the ground flows horizontally through the bedding planes, joints or through the materials themselves. It is this downward and horizontal movement of water which causes the rocks to erode. Physical or mechanical removal of materials by moving groundwater is insignificant in developing landforms. That is why, the results of the work of groundwater cannot be seen in all types of rocks. But in rocks like limestones or dolomites, rich in calcium carbonate, the surface water, as well as the groundwater, through the chemical process of solution and precipitation deposition, develops varieties of landforms. These two processes of solution and precipitation are active in limestones or dolomites, occurring either exclusively or interbedded with other rocks